Hottest engine mechanism and system composition

Engine mechanism and system composition

engine is a device that converts the chemical heat energy of fuel combustion into mechanical energy. It is composed of many mechanisms and systems

the main structure of automobile engine is briefly described as follows

(I) engine block

the engine block includes cylinder head, cylinder block and oil pan. The upper part of the cylinder block is the cylinder and the lower part is the crankcase, which is generally referred to as the cylinder block. The engine block acts as the base for the installation and coordination of all mechanisms and systems of the engine, and many parts of the engine itself are components of crank connecting rod mechanism, valve mechanism, gasoline injection system, cooling system and lubrication system respectively. Therefore, it is difficult to strictly distinguish the components of each engine system. The cylinder head, the inner wall of the cylinder block and the top of the piston form a single slope ridge combustion chamber. There is an electric spark plug in the center of the combustion chamber, which is used to ignite the mixed gas. Therefore, the engine block is a machine part that bears high temperature and high pressure

(II) crank connecting rod mechanism

crank connecting rod mechanism includes piston, connecting rod and crankshaft with flywheel. This is the mechanism by which the engine generates power and converts the reciprocating linear motion of the piston into the rotating motion of the crankshaft to output power. In structural analysis, the body group and crank connecting rod mechanism are often combined

(III) valve mechanism

the valve mechanism includes inlet valve, exhaust valve, tappet, inlet camshaft, exhaust camshaft and camshaft timing belt (driven by crankshaft timing gear). The function of the valve mechanism is to fill the combustible gas into the cylinder in time and discharge the exhaust gas that has worked in the combustion from the cylinder in time

(IV) electronically controlled gasoline injection system

electronically controlled gasoline injection system includes the following three subsystems: fuel supply system, intake system 2, error solution and electronic control system

the fuel supply system is composed of gasoline tank, fuel transfer pump, gasoline filter, pressure regulator, pulsation attenuator, fuel injector, fuel transfer pipe, return pipe, etc

the intake system consists of air filter, throttle, air flow meter, intake chamber, idle speed control valve and intake control valve

the function of the fuel supply system and intake system is to mix the fuel injection volume and intake volume determined by the ecm/ecu into a combustible mixture according to the throttle position (engine load) and engine speed, which enters the cylinder for combustion work

the electronic control system consists of several sensors that detect various conditions of the engine, an ECU that determines the fuel injection quantity according to the sensor signal, and an injector that works according to the ECU's instructions. Its main function is to determine the best injection timing and injection duration according to different working conditions of the engine

(V) ignition system

the ignition system includes igniter, ignition coil, distributor, spark plug and ignition electronic controller. The electronic ignition controller is composed of crankshaft position sensor, camshaft position sensor and ECU. The function of the ignition system is that ECU calculates the ignition timing and sends the ignition timing signal to the igniter according to the various conditions of the instrument engine that verifies its quality or performance according to the design requirements. The igniter distributes the high voltage generated by the ignition coil to each spark plug in sequence to generate sparks and ignite the combustible mixture

(VI) exhaust system

the exhaust system includes exhaust manifold, purifier, front exhaust pipe, intermediate pipe and exhaust tailpipe, in which the intermediate pipe and tailpipe are equipped with the first all plastic car muffler since 1967. The front end of the purifier is equipped with a main oxygen sensor, and the rear end is equipped with a secondary oxygen sensor. The function of oxygen sensor is to detect the oxygen content in exhaust gas and help ECU know whether the air volume is insufficient or excessive during combustion. ECU determines the correction of fuel injection quantity in the next cycle, so that the engine is in full combustion state

(VII) cooling system

the cooling system mainly includes water pump, radiator, electric fan, hydraulic coupling, thermostat, water valve and cooling water jacket in the cylinder. Its function is to take away the heat of the heated parts of the engine and send it to the atmosphere to ensure the normal operation of the engine. At the same time, it also provides heat for air conditioners and heaters

(VIII) lubrication system

the lubrication system adopts a pressure oil supply lubrication system, which is composed of an oil pump, an oil pressure regulator, an oil filter, an oil cooler and an oil passage. Its function is to supply the lubricating oil to the relatively moving parts to reduce the friction resistance between them, reduce the wear of the relatively moving parts, and partially as a cooling friction part, clean the friction surface and strengthen the sealing effect

(IX) starting system

the starting system is a starter, which is equipped with a small high-speed motor that drives the gear to start the stationary engine and turn it into self operation. It includes starter, starting relay and anti-theft system

(x) charging system

the charging system is composed of battery, alternator and IC regulator. Its function is that when the engine rotates, the generator generates electricity to supply the electricity required by the electrical appliances on the vehicle, and at the same time, it charges the battery. (end)